Abstract：Intellectual property rights (IPR) protection has become a key factor that can overcome shortterm technical difficulties and promote longterm economic growth in the developing countries. This paper studies the mechanism of Chinas IPR protection on economic growth from the macro level. First, we create a new IPR protection index and calculate the level of IPR protection in 1985—2010 Second, we analyze the mechanism of IPR protection on economic growth by building a twosector model of knowledge production. Finally, we estimate the effect of IPR protection on economic growth by using a dynamic model and empirical data in transition. The results show that, for the current China, in the shortrun, a weak level of IPR protection promotes economic growth while a strong level of IPR protection hinders economic growth; in the longrun, a strong level of IPR protection stimulates economic growth.
Key Words：Intellectual Property Rights Protection Index; Economic Growth; Twosector Model of Knowledge\|Production; Dynamic Modeling

Abstract：Taking the contribution of total factor productivity as the index of the economic growth pattern, and based on non-parameter DEAMalmquist index methods, this paper investigates characteristics of the economic growth pattern of chinas industry from 2000 to 2010At the same time, using the panel data of 30 industrial sub-sectors, the author analyzes the influence of exports, imports, FDI on the economic growth pattern. The results indicate that the pattern of China’s industrial growth is still based on extensive growth. Exports have no positive effect on the pattern of the economic growth pattern of china‘s industry. Imports and FDI both have positive effect on the pattern of the economic growth pattern of china’s industry. The positive effect from Imports is more obvious in labor and resource intensive industries and industries in which corporation size is larger. The positive effect from FDI is stronger in capital and technology intensive industries and industries in which corporation size is lager.
Key Words：Trade Openness; FDI; Economic Growth Pattern

Abstract：Based on SBMDDFAAM theoretical mechanism, this paper builds the dynamic index to evaluate the low carbon economic transformation of Chinese provinces since the reform. The measurement indicates that Chinese low carbon transformation underwent terrible development during 1986—1990 and the beginning of this century and performed well in 1990s and currently. The evaluation index of low carbon transformation produced from economic model takes both the growth quality and speed into account and can be employed as the more appropriate alternative of conventional GDP criterion. The heterogeneity and inconsistency of evaluated index for each province revealed that Chinese low carbon transformation is still during the unstable early stage and specific energy and environmental policies should be implemented to support the longrun process of great transformation in China.
Key Words：Low Carbon Economic Transformation; Dynamic Evaluation Index; Forecasting; Regional Course; Energy and Environmental Policy

Abstract：Are there any internal promotion and restriction relationships among different carbon emission trading systems? What are decisionmaking standards of enterprises in emission trading markets? Why developed countries fall over themselves for clean development mechanism (CDM)? What are the impacts of carbon tax on emission trading markets? In order to answer those series important question, this paper, from the microeconomic perspective, revises the AIMEnduse model by adding new object function, redefining the variables and changing some of the constraints to construct a singlestage optimizing model of enterprises carbon emission reduction under emission trading systems. Based on the new model, we analyze the internal promotion and restriction relationships between the permitbased emission trading and projectbased emission trading (CDM) and further find that the number of participants and the variance of marginal cost of emission reduction determine the trading volume of emission trading markets; CDM can help those countries with advanced emission reduction technologies not only reduce emission reduction cost but also increase the trading volume of emission trading markets, but CDM hasnt significant influences on those countries without advanced emission reduction technologies.
Key Words：Emission Trading System; Optimizing Model; Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); AIMEnduse Model

Abstract：The paper establishes the inputoutput model of actual price influence by combining the model of cost transmission capacity (CTC) with the inputoutput model of potential price influence. In the existing literature, it is an innovation for the author to put forward the CTC model and the inputoutput model of actual price influence. The inputoutput model of actual price influence can solve the problem of transmission block, through reducing the potential price transmission effect by use of CTC. The paper studies the following issues: the potential and actual impact of energy price increase to the general price level in China.
Key Words：Energy Price Increase; Potential Impact; Cost Transmission Capacity; Actual Impact

Abstract：China’s inflation is wage costpush or demandpull? It is very important to answer above question because different measures should be adopted according to different sources of inflation. In this paper，we have，by the use of the panel smooth transition model from the micro perspective，identified types of Chinas inflation based on excess wage theory. The results of our study indicate that Chinas inflation is both wage costpush and demandpull. The more monopolies the firms have, the more sensitive to the wage costs is the price change of their products, but the firm‘s sensitivity to the wage costs makes no difference between capitalintensive firms and laborintensive firms.
Key Words：Inflation Rate; Nonlinearity; Wage Cost

Abstract：Chinese macroeconomic data show that the inventory investments play an important role in explaining output volatility. Using PMI dataset, we further investigate inventory investments for both final goods and material goods. We find that the former series is countercyclical, while the latter is procyclical. We then construct a dynamic model with both type of inventories. Upon dynamic Bayesian estimation, Results find that: (1) the model can explain empirical findings quite well, and (2) fluctuations of inventory investments are mainly caused by demand shocks.
Key Words：Inventory Cycle; Chinese Business Cycle; Inventory Investment; Purchasing Manager Index; Bayesian Estimation

Abstract：This paper studies the relationship between real estate development and government fiscal revenue both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical model shows that the governments total revenue is determined by the amount of land in long run, while financing through land rents or corporate tax does not matter. In the short run, the Rent-Tax substitution mechanism characterizes the relationship of government revenue from land rents and corporate tax; the higher the land rent is, the lower the corporate tax will be. Based on 1998—2008 industrial enterprises survey data, this paper tests the “RentTax Substitution” mechanism empirically. The results reveal that housing prices will result in a decline of corporate tax (value added tax, income tax and business tax) and corporate profits, which strongly supports the RentTax substitution hypothesis. We further examine the motivation of local governments enthusiasm in real estate development. We find that the fiscal system, government performance evaluation system and shortterm behavior of government officials are the most important underlying reasons.
Key Words：Rent-Tax Substitution; Fiscal Revenue; Housing Price; Real Estate Policy

Abstract：Based on the life cycle model, this paper introduces average life expectancy, to test on the impact of life expectancy on Chinas household saving rate. Through collecting a provincial panel data of Chinas 31provinces during 1990—2009, the result of the empirical studies indicates that the life expectancy had significant positive impacts on household saving rate in China. In the sample period, of the growth rate of Chinas household saving rate, there were 42 percentage points resulted from the increase of the life expectancy, contributing to 429% of the total growth rate of the household of the saving rate. The results of empirical study of this paper also indicates that the expected future income growth rate had weak negative effects on household saving rate, and the impacts of expected future income uncertainty and population dependency ratio can not pass the significant test.
Key Words：Life Expectancy; Household Saving Rate; Life Cycle Model; Expected Growth Rate; Expected Growth Uncertainty

Abstract：Under globalization, developing countries are facing strong demand for highly skilled labor and oversupply of low skilled labor, which is contradictory to traditional trade theories. This paper, based on vertical crosscollaboration theory, gives theoretical and empirical analysis to the influence of vertical specialization on China’s labor market. Results show that: (1) Increase of vertical specialization share of OECD countries (VSSH) causes high-skilled employment share to increase, while that of low income countries (VSSL) has the opposite effect. (2) Increase of enterprises normal export share strengthens the positive correlation between VSSH and highskilled employment share, while that of processing export share is against this correlation. (3) Capital deepening is complementary to high-skilled employment share, but HK, Macao and Taiwan capital, which is processing trade oriented, weakens the relative demand for highly skilled labor.
Key Words：Vertical Specialization Trade; HighlySkilled Worker; Employment Structure; Globalization

Abstract：In a public goods game, due to the existence of freeriders, the public cooperation faces a collapse. This is called the social dilemma. Researches show that punishing defection is an effective way of resolving this problem. However, punishment is costly, leading to the appearance of secondorder freeriders, which prevents punishing behavior from evolving. This situation gives rise to the secondorder social dilemma. How does costly punishment arise and evolve? This has become a widely discussed issue in evolutionary research. A computer simulation was conducted，we found that the punishers will obtain evolutionary advantage if the returns of the public goods are large enough. The dominance of cooperators against punishers diminishes as the returns increases, when such dominance becomes sufficiently weak, it is very likely to be offset by the randomness in the evolutionary dynamics. The research shows that, in public cooperation, social justice is the necessary premise and justice principle is prior to efficiency principle, the natural selection endowed mankind with the sense of justice.
Key Words：Public Goods Game; Social Dilemma; Altruistic Punishment; Secondorder Social Dilemma; Social Justice